经静脉心肌造影评价犬冠脉阻断后危险区和梗死区面积

目的探讨应用自制声学造影剂经静脉心肌造影在冠状动脉阻断后对危险区和梗死区面积测量的准确性.方法采用自制的声学造影剂,应用HP 5500超声诊断系统,选择左室短轴乳头肌切面,采用contrast程序,双触发间歇二次谐波成像,对12条开胸犬于冠状动脉阻断即刻和4 h后进行经静脉心肌造影研究.结果阻断即刻心肌造影显示的最大灌注缺损区面积(perfusion defected area,DA)占心脏短轴切面上左室壁心肌总面积百分比(DA%)为23.01±5.33,最小DA%为22.19±6.21,二者无显著差异(t=1.023,P=0.168).阻断4 h后最大DA%为22.20±3.77,与危险区面积(risk area,RA)占心脏短轴切面上左室心肌总面积的百分比(RA%)相关显著,r＝0.91. 阻断4 h最小DA%为8.80±3.45,与病理上梗死区(infarct area,IA)占心脏短轴切面上左室心肌总面积的百分比(IA%)相关显著,r＝0.85.结论心肌造影上灌注缺损最大面积反映危险区面积,而最小灌注缺损面积反映梗死面积.     

实时三维超声心动图定量评价心肌梗死犬多巴酚丁胺负荷实验中左室容积的变化

目的　应用实时三维超声心动图 (RT- 3DE)定量评价心肌梗死犬多巴酚丁胺负荷实验 (DSE)过程中左室容积的变化。方法　建立犬急性心肌梗死模型。分别对 12条犬在冠脉结扎前及冠脉结扎 180 min-再灌注 30 min后行 DSE。应用 RT- 3DE获取犬静息 (rest)及输注多巴酚丁胺 (Dob) 5、 10、 2 0、 30、 4 0 μg/ (kg·min)及终止后 5 min时 (recovry)的 RT- 3DE容积数据库 ,根据心尖长轴 8平面法勾画左室舒张末期容积 (L VEDV)及收缩末期容积 (L VESV) ;计算其从静息至峰值负荷时的容积变化分数 ΔVLVEDV%及 ΔVL VESV%。结果　 (1)冠脉结扎前 :随 Dob剂量的逐级增加 ,平均 L VEDV和 L VESV明显减小 ;冠脉结扎 180 min-再灌注 30 min后 :平均 L VEDV和 L VESV在 Dob<2 0 μg/ (kg· min)时也呈减小趋势 ,但在 Dob≥ 2 0 μg/ (kg·min)时则明显增大。两者呈不同的变化趋势 ;(2 )冠脉结扎前及冠脉结扎 180 min-再灌注 30 min后平均ΔVL VEDV%分别为 14 .75 %及 7.95 % (n=12 ,P=0 .0 0 1) ;平均 ΔVLVESV%分别为 39.86 %及 2 0 .75 % (n=12 ,P<0 .0 0 1)。后者明显小于前者。结论　通过应用 RT- 3DE分析 DSE过程中左室容积的变化 ,可以区分正常犬与心肌梗死犬。     

Sialic acid residues contribute to the heterogeneity of human serum ribonuclease: demonstration by isoelectric focusing and neuraminidase treatment of serum

Ribonuclease (RNase) activity from human serum appears as multiple zones of activity following isoelectric focusing in thin layer polyacrylamide gel. At least one but not all of these zones is cross reactive with rabbit antibovine pancreatic RNase A antiserum. Treatment of serum or partially purified serum RNase with neuraminidase reduces the complexity of the serum RNase banding pattern to a major band which focuses at a pH of 9.5 or greater and a minor zone of activity which focuses at about pH 6.0-6.2. Trypsin does not affect the pattern. Thus, sialic acid residues account for a large portion of the heterogeneity of human serum RNase. Neuraminidase treatment is requisite for evaluating RNase from serum and certain other sources.     

中药调控线粒体自噬抗心肌缺血再灌注的研究概述

缺血性心脏病日益危害着人们的健康,而恢复冠脉血流的首要治疗手段往往带来心肌缺血再灌注损伤(MIRI)。线粒体为心肌细胞提供大量能源,更参与调控细胞凋亡和信号转导等重要环节,在缺血缺氧环境中,受损线粒体会发生选择性、程序性自噬降解,以维持心肌细胞内环境稳态,该过程被称为线粒体自噬,与MIRI的发生发展密切相关。线粒体自噬具有双重性,准确有效地干预该水平对改善MIRI情况有着重要临床意义。近年来中医药在防治心血管疾病方面发挥了多靶点、多途径的治疗优势,逐步受到人们重视,越来越多的研究证实中药单体、组分、复方可通过保护线粒体结构及功能、调节线粒体自噬来挽救缺血心肌。探讨线粒体自噬在MIRI中的影响机制以及近年来中医药在此方面的研究进展,以期寻找以线粒体为治疗靶点的新策略。     

四氢巴马汀对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨四氢巴马汀(l-THP)对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法:Wistar大鼠24只,分为假手术组、模型组和l-THP治疗组,结扎大鼠冠状动脉左前降支30min再灌注120min造成心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,分别于缺血30min、再灌注30min、60min、90min、120min观察l-THP对大鼠心功能、心肌酶学和脂质过氧化的影响。结果:l-THP能够对抗心肌缺血再灌注损伤引起的左心室内压(LVSP)、左心室内压最大上升与下降速率(±dp/dtmax)下降,左心室舒张末期压力(LVEDP)的升高,并能够稳定心肌组织Na -K -ATPase和Ca2 -Mg2 -ATPase活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量和增高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性。结论:四氢巴马汀(l-THP)对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注引起的心功能降低具有明显的保护作用,其机制可能与改善能量代谢障碍和抑制自由基生成或清除氧自由基作用有关。     

Human carbonic anhydrase I concentration in erythrocytes during pregnancy and the menstrual cycle

Carbonic anhydrase I (HCAI) concentrations were measured in erythrocytes (RBC) taken from nine women at intervals throughout their pregnancies and from thirteen normal women during the menstrual cycle. No significant changes in RBC HCAI concentrations were found in any instance. Small changes which were found in RBC HCAI concentrations were within experimental error and did not correlate with any other measured parameter. Changes in RBC HCAI concentrations in six men over a four-week period were of similar order to that found in the thirteen normal women over a similar length of time.     

使用室内质控与能力验证数据评估测量不确定度

目的使用室内质控数据与"能力验证(PT)"数据评估临床实验室酶学项目肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)检测结果的测量不确定度,以找出引入不确定度的主因。方法北京市临床检验中心(BCCL)收集北京地区三级医院医学检验科CK、LDH、GGT项目同一时间段2个浓度连续3个月的室内质控数据,以各实验室室内质控数据评定实验室内测量复现性引入的相对测量不确定度[U_(rel)(R_W)];同时收集各实验室2011~2013年连续6次的PT数据,用以评定偏移引入的相对测量不确定度[Ucrel(bias)]。再通过U_(rel)(R_W)与Ucrel(bias)两个分量计算相对合成不确定度(Ucrel)和相对扩展不确定度(U_(rel))。结果测量不确定度评估结果显示,47家三级医院检验科U_(rel)(R_W)的中位数与四分位间距分别为CK:2.33、1.70,LDH:2.69、1.58,GGT:2.30、1.43;Ucrel(bias)的中位数与四分位间距分别为CK:3.92、2.40,LDH:4.84、3.17,GGT:4.33、2.70。整体而言,Ucrel(bias)明显大于U_(rel)(R_W)。CK、LDH、GGT在浓度分别为(235.3±28.5)、(234.7±26.6)、(55.0±3.0)U/L时,3个项目的U_(rel)分别为CK:10.29、5.56,LDH:12.00、6.36,GGT:10.77、4.96。结论基于室内质控与PT数据评估测量不确定度是适合目前临床实验室现状的一种简单可行的方式,减少和控制RMSrel(bias)是改善酶学结果可比性的关键。     

电针预处理对心肌缺血再灌注模型大鼠心肌组织FXR基因及心肌细胞线粒体功能的影响

目的探讨电针预处理改善心肌缺血再灌注损伤的可能作用机制。方法40只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组、FXR抑制剂组及电针预处理组,每组10只。各组大鼠均予捆绑固定7天后,除假手组外其余各组均进行心肌缺血再灌注造模处理。FXR抑制剂组第8天尾静脉注射法尼酯X受体(FXR)抑制剂z-Guggulsterone 0.4μl/g后再造模,电针预处理组从第1天开始取"内关""足三里""关元"电针7天,第8天再造模。造模后测定大鼠血清白细胞介素8(IL-8)浓度及心肌细胞线粒体呼吸链酶活性及Na^+-K^+-ATP酶、Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP酶活性,检测心肌组织FXR基因表达水平。结果与假手术组相比,缺血再灌注组IL-8浓度升高,呼吸链酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Na^+-K^+-ATP酶、Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP酶活性均降低,FXR基因表达水平上调(P<0.01)。与缺血再灌注组相比,FXR抑制剂组与电针预处理组IL-8浓度均降低,呼吸链酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ及Na^+-K^+-ATP酶、Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP酶活性升高,FXR基因表达水平降低(P<0.01)。与FXR抑制剂组比较,电针预处理组IL-8浓度、FXR基因表达水平升高,Na^+-K^+-ATP酶、Ca^2+-Mg^2+-ATP酶活性及呼吸链酶Ⅲ、Ⅳ均降低(P<0.05)。结论电针预处理可能通过降低血清IL-8浓度,提高心肌细胞线粒体呼吸链复合酶、ATP酶活性,下调FXR基因表达,从而改善心肌缺血再灌注损伤。     

Development and evaluation of a questionnaire for measuring patient views of involvement in myocardial infarction care.

BACKGROUND: Patients' involvement in their healthcare has been associated with improved treatment outcomes in chronic illness. Less is known about the affects of patient involvement on the outcomes of acute illness, such as myocardial infarction. A better understanding of patients' views and behaviour during hospitalization might improve clinical practice and enhance patient involvement. AIM: The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a questionnaire for measuring patients' perceptions of their involvement during hospitalization for myocardial infarction care. METHODS: Focus groups with myocardial infarction patients provided the basis for the construction of the questionnaire. Questionnaire validity and reliability were evaluated in a small pilot study and a larger cross-sectional study among myocardial infarction patients at eleven Swedish hospitals. RESULTS: The questionnaire demonstrated good validity and reliability, with six factors measuring patient views and behaviour regarding involvement. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire appears to be a useful tool for evaluating the perceptions and behaviour of patients regarding patient involvement in myocardial infarction care. Use of this questionnaire may provide insight regarding areas of patient-staff interaction that need improvement. Pinpointing such areas may lead to improved patient involvement, satisfaction with care, and treatment outcomes.     

黄芩苷对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用机制

目的:考察黄芩苷(BA)对心肌缺血再灌注损伤大鼠模型的保护作用机制。方法:体内通过线栓法建立缺血再灌注动物模型,利用H9C2细胞缺氧/复氧(H/R)建立体外模型。采用四导仪器检测各种动物心电图,检测各种动物血清心肌酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平、血清超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)水平。检测大鼠血清与细胞上清细胞因子水平。采用HE染色检测大鼠心脏病理学改变。采用蛋白印迹检测大鼠心脏与H9C2细胞MAPK/Nrf-2/HO-1/NF-κB信号蛋白表达水平。结果:黄芩苷能显著恢复心电图改变,逆转心脏病理学改变,降低大鼠CK、LDH水平,升高血清与细胞上清SOD活性,降低MDA水平,显著降低大鼠血清与细胞上清细胞因子水平,同时也显著逆转MAPK/Nrf-2/HO-1/NF-κB信号。结论:黄芩苷具有心脏保护作用与调节心脏氧化应激与炎症相关。